Through the Looking Glass The Case for Human Reproductive...

In the summer of 1996, an animal unlike any other was born unto the world. Roughly three feet high and covered in an insulating material, there were countless others that looked nearly identical freely roaming the countryside. But this animal was special; it was precisely identical to one of its brethren. Dolly the sheep was the first ever manmade clone, an exact copy of its genetic donor. In the fifteen years since the birth of Dolly cloning technology has been improving at a steady pace, and now humanity as a whole is at an impasse: human clones. Scientists are very close to being able to clone a human being, but should they? A ban on human cloning issued by the World Health Organization is in place (World Health Organization 1) but it†¦show more content†¦According to John Harris â€Å"it is important to many individuals to have offspring that are related to them and only them†, and in some cases the only way to accomplish this is through human reproductive cloning (qtd. in Havstad 73). Consequently, this argument is founded on the underlying assumption of the right to reproductive freedom, or the freedom of an individual to do what they wish with their genetic material. Philosopher Ronald Dworkin states that this reproductive freedom is rooted in the American tradition of personal freedom, which is generally accepted as sound within American society (qtd. in Havstad 72). For those who wish to have a child that is genetically related to only them, human reproductive cloning is the only option. The main opposition to this view is the fact that there are other options available to those who cannot biologically produce children. Namely, the couples in question could turn to sperm donation, egg and embryo donation, or adoption (Baird 319). Baird claims this would allow for the couples to have children without â€Å"chang[ing] the integrity of our species† (318) by using cloning technology. What this viewpoint fails to take into account is the aforementioned right to reproductive freedom. A human being has the personal right to do what they wish with their own genetic material through the use of alternative reproductive techniques (Havstad 73), and therefore hasShow MoreRelatedThe Controversial Debate Of Human Cloning4152 Words   |  17 PagesHuman cloning has been a very controversial topic for many years now. The term human cloning includes numerous methods that are used to produce genetically identical copies of humans. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a human clone (National Human Genome Research Institute). Lost in the midst of all the fuss about cloning is the fact that cloning is nothing new: it’s rich scientific history spans more than 100 years (Genetic Science LearningRead MoreEssay on Ethics of In Vitro Fertilization2459 Words   |  10 Pagesallow us to intervene in, and sometimes take control of, the processes of life and death. Not only can death, quite often, be kept waiting by the bed or machine, doctors and scientists can now also intervene in, indeed, initiate the process of life: cloning and recombination of DNA are two examples; in vitro fertilization (IVF) is another (Walters 23). It is not surprising, then, that in the wake of these revolutionary developments, bioethics is flourishing. Despite the obvious enthusiasm of philosophers

Discussion of D.Z. Phillips Conception of Immortality Essay

Discussion of D.Z. Phillips Conception of Immortality In his book Death and Immortality, D Z Phillips starts by asking the question: does belief in immortality rest on a mistake? The first two chapters are negative in the sense that they examine traditional philosophical, as well as common sense, conceptions of what immortality means. Phillips argues that philosophical analyses centred on the notion of immortality have generally been constructed around certain essential presuppositions: presuppositions that assume some form of continuation of personal identity after death. One cannot logically deny that, by definition, death entails the end of bodily existence, so one, it seems, is logically†¦show more content†¦I e, I can continue to exist without my body if I am not the same thing as my body. Following on from Wittgensteins attack on the notion of logical privacy, Phillips thinks that this idea of the soul is fundamentally confused. Phillips argues that it is impossible to divorce private experience from public life and as such any conception of the soul as a separate substance is entirely fallacious. Taken that any continuation of personal identity after death seems to be dependent on some form body/soul dualism, and given the logical objections to such notions, one may be drawn into thinking that immortality is always going to be seen as rationally implausible. However, Phillips argues that a rejection of dualism does not necessitate a rejection of immortality. Phillips draws attention of to the fact that a perfectly meaningful conception of the soul can, and does, exist in the absence of any reference to some mysterious incorporeal substance. In everyday language we use expressions such as he was a good soul or he would sell his soul for money, Phillips uses these examples to demonstrate that, in this context, what we are referring to is not some philosophical dualistic account of a person, rather it is an assessment of what we believe to be that persons moral state of being - his

I Am A Single Soul - 1020 Words

Ever feel like that no one understands you, or what you are going though? I felt like that for a while. Then I met my uncle Brandon Buttry. The kid actually understood how I felt, he had been though similar things. As if that wasn’t good enough, he was known as the type of person who would always brighten your spirits up. About a lifetime ago, the first time I met the Buttry clan, I was the outcast. Truthfully most of the kids took their time in warming up to me. Honestly, I doubt they even wanted to spend time with me willingly. Eventually, Micah and Noah my aunt and uncle the same age as me; we became inseparable. Although before that Brandon was my only true friend. Never will I forget how grateful I am for the times that we bonded.†¦show more content†¦He didn’t stay with us that long, so he returned back to Nebraska City. I had some of my favorite memories with my uncle that include when he would tell stories or adventures, as he would consider them. The stories would be about events or life lessons that happened to him or adventures he would plan to have someday. When I was still a Buttry newbie, at a wedding I rode up with my grandparents, and everyone else would talk to someone’s else besides me. So Brandon kept me occupied with his words, we debated all time on different movies and shows. I actually had fun at that wedding because of him making me smile. Another memory, which was one of the last stories he shared with me, was when my family out visiting him. He mentioned to me how his dream was to enlist in the army, and to serve our country. Inside I didn’t want to tell him not to enlist and leave us, but all that came out of my mouth was to follow his dream. So he did, he signed up to serve our country. After that, thing get blurry, my other uncle Austin went blind, Brandon went to Georgia, which is the place where he trained. When he was there I wrote a few letters for him, I tried to make them enjoyable and help keep his sense of humor in line. Georgia is the place when he met Trevor, creepily now my aunt Macy’s boyfriend. If im being real here I thought Trevor was different, he was a hairdresser. Now I think he’s alright, he’s training in criminology to become a

The Federalists And The Anti Federalists - 1656 Words

After the Constitution was composed and signed in 1787, there was still the pressing need for ratification. Nine of Thirteen states had to agree to its terms before the document would become binding. In the months that followed, the people who staunchly opposed the new constitution, and the people who supported began to write articles defending their positions. They were named the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Anti-Federalists, however, were incredibly displeased with the name that the Federalists had coined for them. In that time, Federalism was synonymous with Confederation, which was what the Anti-Federalists were fighting to protect. The arguments were varied, and consisted of valid points from both sides. One of the major arguments of the Anti-Federalists was the supposed validity of a large scale republic. They were skeptical that such a thing could be successfully executed. They wrote about their concerns, worrying about liberty, state and individual, and delegatio n. James Madison, in Federalist 10, refuted their claims about these issues, and brought about solid reasoning for his desired large republic. While the Anti-Federalists made sound arguments for small republics in terms of liberty and representation, Madison provided better evidence on the sustainability of a large republic. One problem the Anti-Federalists had with the notion of a large republic was the major power shift that would occur between the States and the Federal government. PatrickShow MoreRelatedThe Federalist And Anti Federalist1263 Words   |  6 Pages The Anti-Federalist put up a long and hard fight, however, they were not as organized as the Federalists. While the Anti- Federalist had great concerns about the Constitution and National government, the Federalist had good responses to combat these concerns. The Federalist were and for the Constitution and feel the Article of Confederation were not worth ratifying, these should be scrapped altogether. They felt that the Articles limited the power of congress, because congress had to request cooperationRead MoreThe Federalist And The Anti Federalist864 Words   |  4 Pagesthe federalist, then later on the anti-federalist in 1796. Alexander Hamilton was the leader of the federalist party. Thomas Jefferson was the leader of the anti-federalist; who called themselves the Democratic-Republicans. Our first president, George Washington warned us about having parties and the danger of them. However, not until Congress debated the ratification and implementation of Jay’s Treaty wit h Great Britain did two political parties clearly emerge; the Federalist and the Anti-FederalistRead MoreThe Federalists And The Anti Federalists1189 Words   |  5 PagesIn debate of the ratification of the Constitution, the Federalists and the Anti- Federalists agreed on several things: the necessity of some form of national government, the preservation of the right to vote, and the need to secure our liberties. The Federalists wanted a strong central government, whereas the Anti- Federalists wanted more power reserved to the state government. The right to vote is important for both sides, but they hold conflicting views on the amount of involvement through theRead MoreThe Federalists And The Anti Federalists1305 Words   |  6 Pagesthe cause for a huge debate between; The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists were those who thought that there should be a new Union created with a strong centralized government and individual regional governments. They felt that i t was not necessary for there to be a bill of rights because it was implied that those rights the Constitution did not specifically state would be handed down to the states. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists were opposed to such a form of governmentRead MoreFederalists Vs. Anti Federalists1518 Words   |  7 PagesIn early 1788, Federalists and Anti-Federalists held fierce debates over how the state of Rhode Island would vote on Constitutional ratification. Two models of democracy were contested: the Anti-Federalists argued in favor of mass participation in the form of a state referendum, and the Federalists argued in favor of elite representation in the form of a state convention. On the whole, while the state referendum model used in the debates in Rhode Island allows for greater participation and an opportunityRead MoreFederalists vs. Anti-Federalists1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe subject of numerous debates. The contending groups consisted of Federalists, those who suppo rted ratification, and Anti-Federalists, those opposed to the constitution. Each group published a series of letters known as the Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers. The Anti-Federalist papers objected to provisions of the proposed constitution while the Federalist Papers defended the rationale behind the document. Anti-Federalist objections included that; the United States was too extensive to beRead More Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesThe Constitution, when first introduced, set the stage for much controversy in the United States. The two major parties in this battle were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federalists, such as James Madison, were in favor of ratifying the Constitution. On the other hand, the Anti-Federalists, such as Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee, were against ratification. Each party has their own beliefs on why or why not this document should or should not be passed. These beliefs are displayedRead Mo reThe Federalists Vs. Anti Federalists1010 Words   |  5 Pagesduring the American Revolution. The rivalry between the Federalists and the anti-Federalists emerged during the process of ratifying the Constitution between 1787 and 1788. Initially, the Federalists supported the Constitution while the anti-Federalists did not (199). The principle differences dividing the Federalists and anti-Federalists were the controversy of creating a federal government and how to interpret the Constitution. Anti-Federalists insisted on protecting the rights of the states and theRead MoreAnti Federalists Vs. Federalists1634 Words   |  7 Pages Anti Federalists vs. Federalists (Paper #1) The Federalists and the Anti - Federalists played an indispensable part in the establishment of the American Constitution. Federalists were supporters of the constitution, while Anti federalist were against the ratification of the Constitution. Federalists believed in the idea of a larger heterogeneous republic whereas anti federalists wanted a small homogenous republic. Famous federalists like James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton are responsibleRead MoreThe Federalists Vs. The Anti Federalists1801 Words   |  8 Pagesare worse than others. In the case of the Federalists vs. The Anti-Federalists, was the drafting of the Constitution actually worth it in the end? When the colonists first came over seas from Great Britain there was one thing that was vastly agreed on—a change in how government works and runs was necessary for the future of America. Two major groups eventually formed behind this way of thinking, the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. The Federa lists were under the impression that the formation

Term list hist of psyc Essay Example For Students

Term list hist of psyc Essay School of thought: A group of scholars who become associated ideologically with a system of ideas, System: An orderly and comprehensive compilation of principles facts, and methods that describe and explain identified or observed phenomena. Ex. Hulls Tolmams systems are components of the neobehavioristic school of thoughtPsyc VoluntarismSchool of Behaviorism Thought FunctionalismParadigm: A fundamental model or scheme that organizes our view of something. Mechanism: natural processes are determined and explanation by the laws of physics and chemistry. Galileo: Matter was composed of corpuscles or atoms that contact but by forces that acted to attract or repel the atoms. Newton: Movement was communicated not by actual physical contact but by forces that acted to attract or repel the atoms. The operation of the universe was: orderly, smooth and predictable and was subject to the laws of measurement. Materialism: Universe described in physical terms and explained by natural an physical properties of matter and energy. Something to ponder: Perhaps all perception exists only in terms of secondary qualities. Therefore, maybe nothing exists in and of itself. George Berkeley †¦Mentalism: All knowledge is a function of mental phenomena. Knowledge depends on the perceiver. Objects exist because God perceives objects. David Hume†¦Impressions: Basic elements of mental life. Similar to sensations and perceptions. Ideas: Mental experiences in the observance of the stimulating object. Law of Resemblance and Law of ContiguityDavid Hartley†¦1. Contiguity2. Repetition (practice)Note: Hartley took Newton’s idea of vibrations of particles in the universe and applied it to the nerves and the brain. Vibrations in nerves (solid not hollows) transmitted impulses to one point in the body to another. This leads to vibrations in the brain that were the physiological counterpart of ideas. MECHANISM = modern neuroscience. James Mill †¦The mind was a machine. It was operated on by external physical forces run by internal forces. Radical recluctionism No creative function of the mind: associations were automatic passive, mechanical. John Sturat Mill (Mental chemistry)†¦Creative synthesis: The mind played an active role in the association of ideas. Complex ideas were not simply the summation of simple ideas. Complex ideas are more than the passive sum of simple ideas. Bessel†¦personal differences in observation time s would be found among all astronomers, a phenomenon come to be called personal equation. J,muller†¦stimulation of a particular nerve leads to characteristic of sensation. M. Hall. Flourence†¦.cerebrum=voluntary movementspinal cord=reflex actionMedulla=respiration Cerebellum=movement Midbrain=vision / auditionExtripation†¦function of the brain removing a part to find the function by flurence. Bibliography:

Modeling the Determinants of Saudi GDP Growth Rate - samples

Question: Discuss about the Modeling the Determinants of Saudi GDP Growth Rate. Answer: Economic theory states that GDP growth rate of a country depends on some factor such as exchange rate (EXCHR), exports value (Exports), population of the country (POP), inflation level (INF) and government consumption expenditure (GCE) or spending. Saudi Minister of Economy is interested to see the relevance of this economic theory in Saudi Arabian context in particular due to the impact of Vision 2030 and related changes such as VAT, reduction in subsides, population and labor force, oil exports and value of currency, etc. You have been asked to advise the Minister on the impact of these factors on economic growth rate. The data on Saudi Arabia for these variables is collected and given to you (uploaded on LMS). Use the data and answer the following questions: Use these variables to model determinants of GDP growth rate (build a regression model). Gross Domestic Product of a country in question that is Saudi Arabia just like any other country from a global perspective is affected by some determinants. Basing on the available data in excel and the prior information it is clear that SA's GDP is profoundly affected by country's population, inflation levels (which on its own is contributed by many factors), the government consumption expenditure, the exports and import values to mention but a few. The elements work so tightly in control of the country's GDP and as a whole impacting on the economic stability of the nation regarding the exchange rate for the national currency as well as the international stock exchange rates. The global empirical model for regimes put the SA as the alternative currency that has gone through a series of reformation. Microeconomic as well as macroeconomic features in most cases played a downside role in the ensuring that SA linkages with the entire market on the global arena were interfered with Determine the effect of each variable (positive or negative) based on your intuition and economic theory Inflation; it is brought about by too many imports in the country and other factors for instance reduced rates of borrowing which encourage people to borrow. In the process, there is more money chasing fewer commodities in the country. The result of inflation is a reduction in the country exchange value on international markets as well as low pricing for the country exports ( Al-Torkistani et al Pg.23). In that regard there would be a reduction in the GDP unless the situation takes a reverse turn. Exports; they are the sources of the country's national income and as such an increase in exports improves the GDP as a reduction has the same effect on the GDP. Exchange rate; it is determined by some factors majorly by political and economic factors. Political factors derail economic activities and a reduction in operations in business reduce the national currency exchange value for money on the international exchange rate platform. The currency is devalued and as such fetches low in comparison to other currencies. A proper and peaceful political environment breeds business activities through the attraction of investors and hence an improvement in the national currency value that translates to an increase in the GDP of the nation. Government Consumption expenditure; government expenditure is a result of the acquisition of the items by the government to facilitate the routine and administrative running of the government projects. Meeting of population public needs for instance medication and education were some of the concerns (Alshehry, Atef andMounir Pg 45). An increase in the government spending reduces the GDP as a reduction increases the GDP. The population of the country; the higher the people of the country, the more the government spending on the facilities for the people and thus registering for a more senior amount regarding expenditure. The GDP of the country drops since the expenditure is a credit account on the national treasury. The lower the population, the less the spending by the government and as such a debit account to the national treasury. Build hypothesis (null and alternative) and explain. Null Hypothesis: The Saudi Arabian economy is profoundly affected by the movements in the country GDP Alternative Hypothesis: The Saudi Arabian economy is not dependent on the GDP Now draw scatter plot of each independent variable against dependent variable and make a commentary regarding relationships (draw a trend line alongside scatter plot to observe relations: positive/negative) Scatter Plot for independent Variables Now perform multiple regression and observe the statistical significance level and signs of the coefficients. Does the regression results confirm your earlier hypothesis or not? If not, what could be the reason? Provide detailed explanation. Interpretation of the regression results as done in excel confirms the validity of the null hypothesis in the following ways. The economy dis-aggregation about other stakeholders on the national stock exchange works contrary to the success of SAR currency as the nation had poor economic pillars for use in a bid to save the reputation of the SAR.The SAR fetched way below par on the foreign exchange market and as such that the country put in measures to oversee its improvement in the future. The attaining of the stable economy to the extent that SAR is used as a reserve currency has not come quickly (Darlington, Richard and Andrew Pg 33). It has taken some considerations for economic parameters both at the local level as well as the international outlook to bring the sanity of the initially unfamiliar currency in the global stock exchange arena. SA as a nation has recently put in place economic reforms over its policies in the business. The country reforms have been in line with the restructuring of the banking system of the country. The electricity sector had also been put in the limelight as well as transportation of materials. The state has cut down on the corporate tax rate. It is such that businesses the policies are flawless to allow entry of new businesses.Owing to the lowering of the corporate tax and introduction of incentives in the economy, the country has started experiencing a rise in the economic growth (Samargandi and Nahla Pg 101).The government of SA has taken initiatives in making sure that there is divest in the public companies through plans. The nation however is experiencing a break down in some other parts of its economy due to a weakening business environment thus affecting competitiveness in business. The exchange rates regime for the country have been proposed in many cases by the government and the head financial institutions for SA but a few worked in favor of the current stability that AS currency enjoys making it third in matters of the weight of the currency and price at which the yen fetch in comparison to the standard US dollar. The US dollar has been used and is still in use courtesy of its higher value. The section provide a preliminary evidence on the effects alternative regimes taken by the SA government have on the country foreign exchange as well as the impact the same have on the trade partners in the global arena. The global empirical model for regimes put the SA as the alternative currency that has gone through a series of reformation ( Fox and John Pg 40). Microeconomic as well as macroeconomic features in most cases played a down side role in the ensuring that SA linkages with the entire market on the global arena was interfered with. Look at the R2 and adjusted R2 values and comment on the explanatory power of your statistical model. The statistical model employed in the analysis of the data basing on the R2 and adjusted R2 indicate a collective influence of the economic contributors to the GDP as a whole. It is clear that the GDP of the country has other underlying factors. The analysis in excel has employed the test hypothesis as one tail test. The regression as such has taken that approach and as such compared the arithmetic mean averages to come up with the R2. The values of the R2 and R2 adjusted bear a smaller deviation unlike they should because of the effect of many variables in the dependent variables ( Al-Torkistani et al Pg.56). The basic linear model as a method used in the analysis of the data has exposed the GDP as a function of the determinants of the economic parameters resulting to the formation of the following regression equation: GDPG= -52.8303739148481+16.3500517091564*EXCHR+7.53863787504361E-03*Exports-0.306616502791003*POP+0.429397456046636*INF-8.48529061353034E-03*GCE The equation is derived from the common linear regression formula below as a continuous equation (n) tending to infinity Y= + 1X1 + 2X2 + n Xn + Now, look at the predicted and actual values of the dependent variable and comment on the predictive power of your model. Is there any message coming out of your model predictions. Suggest ways to improve the predictive power of your model. The model predictive power of the model from the findings and evidence shown cannot be overlooked. The model is evident in the showing proof that the GDP makes an essential element in the control of the country economy and as such, it cannot belittle in any form (Alshehry, Atef, and Mounir Pg 45). The GDP from the model has also been presented as a dependent on factors, for instance, the country's population, inflation levels (which on its own is contributed by many factors), the government consumption expenditure, the exports, and import values to mention but a few. It is clear at the same time that the model is a representation of an aggregate of factors of which a few have been highlighted for a description of the entire scenario. The message from the regression model is open in that it speaks majorly of the impact various factors have on the ability to determine the direction to which the economy of Saudi Arabia takes (Muthn and Muthn Pg 121).Any small deviation in any of the economic parameters either by a positive or negative improvement affects the aggregate GDP mostly. There are however ways that can be used for the improvement of the model. The first one should entail the use of more factors in the regression model (Chatterjee, Samprit, and Ali pg 89). That would mean that employment of multiple regression models would do better as it removes the spells of biases. The model in any respect would lower the degree of errors as the sum of squared errors would be reduced to the minimum depending on the longevity of the approach used and the factors acting in the place of the dependent variables take ( Al-Torkistani et al Pg.56). The beta values at the same time would impact less, and the conclusion on the model would bear a true meaning of the prediction at hand. References Alshehry, Atef Saad, and Mounir Belloumi. "Energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: The case of Saudi Arabia."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews41 (2015): 237-247. Al-Torkistani, Habiballah Mohammed, Mohammed Adaya Salisu, and Khalid A. Maimany. "Modeling a sustainable Saudi Arabian economy: the real issues."International Journal of Sustainable Development World Ecology23.2 (2016): 186-193. Chatterjee, Samprit, and Ali S. Hadi.Regression analysis by example. John Wiley Sons, 2015. Muthn, L. K., and B. Muthn. "Mplus."The comprehensive modelling program for applied researchers: users guide5 (2015). Darlington, Richard B., and Andrew F. Hayes.Regression analysis and linear models: Concepts, applications, and implementation. Guilford Publications, 2016. Fox, John.Applied regression analysis and generalized linear models. Sage Publications, 2015. Samargandi, Nahla. "Sector value addition, technology and CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia."Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews78 (2017): 868-877.